168 Human Foods Dogs Can & Can’t Eat (A to Z Complete List)

This content was reviewed and fact-checked by veterinarian Dr. Sandra Tashkovska, DVM.

As dog parents, it’s only natural to want to share what’s on our plate with our pups. But not all human foods are safe for dogs—and some can be downright dangerous. While fruits like apples and blueberries can be healthy, others like grapes or chocolate can lead to serious health issues. This A–Z guide breaks down which human foods your dog can enjoy, which should be limited, and which must be avoided entirely. Whether you’re topping your dog’s bowl with fresh ingredients or just sneaking them a bite from the kitchen, this guide will help you make safe, informed choices.

Before Feeding Human Foods to Your Dog

Always work with your vet if you want to add human foods to your dog’s diet or if you are worried they ate something bad for them. Alternatively, you can get personalized nutritional advice from an online registered vet nutritionist through Vetster anytime, anywhere. You can also chat with an online vet and ask them questions about a specific human food. Similarly, an at-home dog gut health test can provide valuable insights by analyzing your dog’s microbiome, helping you determine which nutrients their diet should contain. Additionally, an at-home dog allergy testing kit can help identify which human foods may not be suitable for your dog. This information lets you confidently choose the right diet and care plan to support optimal digestion and nutrition.

Human Foods Dogs Can & Can’t Eat

Here is the complete list of human foods dogs can and can’t eat.

Human Foods That Start With A

Apples (✅ Yes): Apples are a crunchy, low-calorie fruit that many dogs enjoy. They’re a good source of vitamins A and C, as well as fiber, which helps support digestion. Always remove the core and seeds, as apple seeds contain trace amounts of cyanide, and the core poses a choking risk. Serve sliced or chopped for easy chewing. They make a great topper for meals or a refreshing treat on hot days.

Avocado (⚠️ With Caution): The flesh of avocado is generally safe in small amounts and contains healthy fats, vitamins, and antioxidants. However, it also contains persin—a natural fungicidal toxin that can cause mild stomach upset in dogs if consumed in large quantities. The pit is a major hazard due to choking and intestinal blockage risks. Avoid feeding the skin and pit entirely. If offering avocado, give only a small, ripe portion with vet approval.

Asparagus (⚠️ With Caution): Asparagus is non-toxic but offers limited benefits to dogs. It’s tough to chew raw and may lead to gas or an upset stomach. Cooking softens the texture and makes it easier to digest, but most nutrients are lost in the process. Serve plain and chopped into bite-sized pieces to avoid choking. While it won’t harm your dog, there are better veggie choices.

Artichokes (⚠️ With Caution): Cooked artichoke hearts are safe and can be a fiber-rich, antioxidant-packed treat. However, raw artichokes are hard to digest and may irritate your dog’s stomach. The tough outer leaves and fuzzy choke pose a choking hazard or risk of intestinal blockage. If feeding artichoke, use only the soft heart, cook it thoroughly, and serve it plain and chopped.

Apricots (⚠️ With Caution): The flesh of apricots contains beneficial nutrients like beta-carotene and potassium, making them a safe fruit in moderation. However, the pit, stem, and leaves contain cyanogenic glycosides, which are toxic to dogs. Always remove all non-flesh parts before offering a bite. Due to high sugar content, serve apricots sparingly, especially with diabetic dogs.

Alcohol (❌ No): Alcohol is extremely dangerous for dogs and should never be given under any circumstance. Even small amounts can lead to vomiting, diarrhea, lowered coordination, breathing difficulties, and in severe cases, coma or death. Dogs are far more sensitive to alcohol than humans. Keep all alcoholic beverages and foods containing alcohol completely out of reach.

Human Foods That Start With B

Bananas (✅ Yes): Bananas are a safe, naturally sweet treat that most dogs love. They’re packed with potassium, fiber, vitamin C, and vitamin B6, making them a nutritious alternative to fatty treats. Due to their sugar content, bananas should be fed in moderation—especially for overweight or diabetic dogs. Mash it into meals or offer small slices as training rewards. Avoid banana chips with added sugar or preservatives.

Blueberries (✅ Yes): Blueberries are antioxidant-rich, low-calorie fruits that are safe and even beneficial for dogs. They help combat cell damage, support immune health, and are packed with fiber and vitamins. Their small size makes them a perfect training treat. You can feed them fresh or frozen. Just avoid blueberry-flavored snacks made for humans, which often contain sugar or artificial ingredients.

Bread (⚠️ With Caution): Plain white or whole wheat bread is not toxic to dogs but offers little nutritional value. A small piece won’t hurt most dogs, but bread is high in carbohydrates and can contribute to weight gain. Also, avoid breads with raisins, garlic, onions, or xylitol, all of which are toxic. Never feed raw dough, as it can expand in the stomach and cause bloat or alcohol poisoning.

Broccoli (⚠️ With Caution): Broccoli is safe in small quantities and provides fiber, vitamin K, and vitamin C. However, it contains isothiocyanates, which can cause gastric irritation in some dogs. Cooked broccoli is easier to digest, but it should be served plain and in small pieces to prevent choking. Avoid giving broccoli as more than 10% of your dog’s diet to reduce the risk of GI upset.

Brussels Sprouts (⚠️ With Caution): Brussels sprouts are rich in fiber and antioxidants, and they’re technically safe for dogs. However, they can cause excessive gas, bloating, or stomach discomfort when fed in large amounts. Always cook them before serving to improve digestibility. Avoid seasoning, oil, or butter, and offer in moderation to prevent tummy trouble.

Bell Peppers (✅ Yes): Bell peppers are safe and healthy for dogs, offering high levels of vitamins A, C, and antioxidants. Red peppers are the most nutritious. Always remove the seeds and core, and serve raw or lightly cooked. Avoid spicy varieties like chili or jalapeños, which can irritate your dog’s digestive system.

Beer (❌ No): Beer and any alcoholic beverages are extremely toxic to dogs and should never be given. Even small amounts can lead to alcohol poisoning, causing vomiting, tremors, disorientation, and potentially coma or death. Hops, used in beer-making, are also dangerous and can cause malignant hyperthermia in dogs. Keep beer and alcohol-containing foods away from your dog at all times.

Human Foods That Start With C

Carrots (✅ Yes): Carrots are a crunchy, low-calorie snack that many dogs love. They’re high in fiber, vitamin A, and beta-carotene, which supports eye health and immune function. Raw carrots help clean teeth, while cooked ones are easier to digest. Serve them chopped, steamed, or frozen for teething puppies. Just be sure to cut them into bite-sized pieces to prevent choking.

Cheese (⚠️ With Caution): Cheese is generally safe for dogs and can be a great high-value treat, especially during training. It’s rich in protein, calcium, and fat, but not all dogs tolerate dairy well. Lactose-intolerant dogs may experience gas, bloating, or diarrhea. Stick to low-fat options like mozzarella or cottage cheese, and avoid blue cheese, which can be toxic to pets.

Chocolate (❌ No): Chocolate is highly toxic to dogs due to theobromine and caffeine, which can cause vomiting, seizures, heart problems, or even death. Dark chocolate and baking chocolate are especially dangerous. Even small amounts can be harmful, particularly for small breeds. If your dog consumes chocolate, contact your vet or emergency pet clinic immediately.

Cherries (❌ No): While the flesh of cherries is not toxic, the pits, stems, and leaves contain cyanide, which is highly dangerous to dogs. The pits can also cause intestinal blockages. Even if pitted, cherries are high in sugar and low in nutritional value for dogs. It’s best to skip them altogether and offer safer fruits like blueberries or apples instead.

Coconut (⚠️ With Caution): Coconut meat and oil are not toxic and may even provide anti-inflammatory benefits. They contain medium-chain triglycerides, which some believe support skin and coat health. However, too much coconut can cause upset stomach, diarrhea, or greasy stools. Always serve in small amounts, and skip coconut water—it’s high in potassium and not suitable for dogs.

Cauliflower (⚠️ With Caution): Cauliflower is safe for dogs and contains fiber, antioxidants, and vitamins C and K. It can be served cooked or raw, but it may cause gas and bloating if fed in large amounts. Steamed cauliflower is gentler on the digestive system. Serve plain and unseasoned in small quantities as part of a balanced diet.

Cantaloupe (✅ Yes): Cantaloupe is a hydrating, low-calorie fruit that’s safe for dogs in moderation. It’s packed with vitamins A and C and contains antioxidants that support immune and eye health. Due to its high natural sugar content, it should be offered sparingly—especially for diabetic dogs. Remove the rind and seeds before serving in bite-sized chunks.

Celery (✅ Yes): Celery is low in calories and high in fiber, vitamins, and water content—great for overweight dogs. It may even help freshen your dog’s breath. Serve chopped into bite-sized pieces to prevent choking, especially for small dogs.

Cottage Cheese (⚠️ With Caution): Cottage cheese is lower in lactose than other cheeses and may be tolerated well by dogs. It’s high in calcium and protein but should be fed in moderation due to fat content. Choose plain, unsalted versions and avoid if your dog is lactose intolerant.

Cranberries (⚠️ With Caution): Fresh or dried cranberries are safe in small amounts and packed with antioxidants. However, some dogs dislike the tartness. Make sure dried cranberries don’t contain added sugar or are mixed with toxic raisins.

Cucumbers (✅ Yes): Cucumbers are hydrating, crunchy, and low-calorie—ideal for overweight dogs. They contain vitamins K and C, and they’re great sliced or frozen as a treat. Avoid feeding in large quantities, as they may cause mild stomach upset.

Human Foods That Start With D

Dates (✅ Yes): Dates are safe for dogs in small quantities and provide fiber, natural sugars, and minerals like potassium and magnesium. However, they are high in sugar and calories, which can lead to weight gain or blood sugar spikes if overfed. Always remove the pits, as they can cause choking or intestinal blockages. Use dates as an occasional treat, not a regular snack.

Dairy (⚠️ With Caution): Some dogs can tolerate small amounts of dairy like milk, yogurt, and cheese, while others may experience lactose intolerance symptoms such as diarrhea or gas. Plain yogurt can provide probiotics that support digestion, but avoid products with added sugar or artificial sweeteners like xylitol. Always introduce dairy slowly and in small amounts to see how your dog reacts.

Donuts (❌ No): Donuts are loaded with sugar, fat, and empty calories, offering zero nutritional benefit for dogs. Many are also made with harmful ingredients like chocolate or xylitol, which can be toxic. Eating donuts can contribute to obesity, diabetes, and digestive upset. It’s best to avoid feeding donuts entirely and stick to dog-friendly treats instead.

Dragon Fruit (✅ Yes): Dragon fruit (pitaya) is non-toxic and safe for dogs to eat in moderation. It’s rich in antioxidants, vitamin C, and fiber, which can support your dog’s immune system and digestion. Peel the skin and serve only the soft, white or red flesh in small cubes. Because of its sugar content, serve sparingly as a fun, tropical treat.

Duck (✅ Yes): Cooked, plain duck meat is safe for dogs and offers a rich source of protein, iron, and amino acids. It’s often used in dog foods formulated for pets with food allergies or sensitivities. Avoid feeding duck with skin, bones, or seasonings, as these can pose choking hazards or digestive issues. Always cook duck thoroughly before serving.

Dough (Raw Yeast) (❌ No): Raw yeast dough is extremely dangerous for dogs. It can expand in the stomach, leading to bloat, which is a life-threatening condition. Additionally, as the yeast ferments, it produces alcohol, which can cause alcohol poisoning. Never leave raw dough unattended where your dog can access it.

Human Foods That Start With E

Eggs (✅ Yes): Cooked eggs are an excellent source of high-quality protein, fatty acids, and vitamins like biotin and riboflavin. They can help support muscle development, skin, and coat health. Always cook eggs before feeding to avoid the risk of salmonella and to improve digestibility. Serve scrambled, boiled, or poached—plain and unseasoned. Raw eggs are not recommended due to potential bacteria and enzyme inhibitors.

Eggplant (⚠️ With Caution): Eggplant is safe for most dogs when cooked and served plain. It’s low in calories and contains antioxidants, fiber, and vitamins. However, it can cause allergic reactions or digestive upset in some dogs, especially those sensitive to nightshades. Always serve cooked and in small amounts, and monitor your dog for any signs of intolerance.

Edamame (✅ Yes): Edamame (young soybeans) is non-toxic and can be a protein-packed, fiber-rich snack for dogs. It contains omega-3 fatty acids that support heart and skin health. Serve them plain and cooked—never salted or seasoned. Avoid soy if your dog has a known soy allergy, and feed edamame in moderation to prevent bloating or gas.

Energy Drinks (❌ No): Energy drinks are extremely dangerous for dogs. They contain caffeine, sugar, and other stimulants that can lead to vomiting, tremors, abnormal heart rhythms, seizures, or even death. Even small sips can be harmful. Always keep these beverages far out of your dog’s reach and call a vet immediately if ingested.

Energy Bars (❌ No): Most energy and protein bars are unsafe for dogs. They often contain chocolate, caffeine, raisins, or xylitol—all of which are toxic. Even “natural” bars can be high in sugar or fat, making them a bad snack choice for dogs.

English Muffins (⚠️ With Caution): Plain English muffins are not toxic, but they don’t offer much nutritional value. They’re high in carbs and may contain ingredients harmful to dogs, like raisins, garlic, or xylitol. If offering a small piece, make sure it’s plain and free from toppings like butter, jam, or cream cheese. Better to skip and offer a healthier option.

Human Foods That Start With F

Fish (✅ Yes): Fish like salmon, cod, sardines, and whitefish are excellent sources of protein and omega-3 fatty acids, which support joint health, coat condition, and immune function. Always cook fish thoroughly and remove all bones, as small bones can splinter and cause choking or internal injury. Avoid fried or seasoned fish. Canned fish in water (like sardines) is also safe in moderation.

French Fries (❌ No): French fries are high in salt, unhealthy fats, and empty calories, offering no nutritional benefit to dogs. The oils used for frying can lead to gastrointestinal upset or even pancreatitis. In large amounts, the salt alone can be dangerous. While a plain fry likely won’t harm your dog, it’s best to avoid this greasy human food altogether.

Figs (⚠️ With Caution): Figs are non-toxic and contain fiber and natural sugars, which can support digestion when fed in small amounts. However, they can cause diarrhea or stomach upset if overfed. The sap from fig plants can also be irritating to dogs’ mouths and skin. Stick to fresh fig flesh in tiny pieces, and never allow your dog to chew on the plant or leaves.

Feta Cheese (⚠️ With Caution): Feta cheese is not toxic but is high in fat and sodium, which can contribute to pancreatitis, obesity, or salt poisoning if eaten regularly. Some dogs are also sensitive to lactose. If you do offer feta, keep it to an occasional treat in very small amounts. Choose low-sodium and low-fat cheese alternatives when possible.

Flaxseed (✅ Yes): Ground flaxseed is a dog-safe superfood rich in fiber and omega-3 fatty acids, which support coat health, digestion, and inflammation reduction. Whole seeds may pass undigested, so it’s best to use ground flax or flaxseed oil. Start with small amounts to avoid loose stools. Store flaxseed properly to prevent spoilage.

Fruit Snacks (❌ No): Store-bought fruit snacks and gummy treats are not safe for dogs. They’re often loaded with sugar, artificial flavors, and sometimes xylitol—a sweetener that’s highly toxic to dogs. Even without xylitol, they offer no nutritional value and can contribute to obesity or blood sugar spikes. Stick to real, dog-safe fruits instead.

Human Foods That Start With G

Grapes (❌ No): Grapes and raisins are highly toxic to dogs and can cause sudden kidney failure, even in small amounts. The exact toxin is unknown, and sensitivity varies from dog to dog, but ingestion can be deadly. Symptoms include vomiting, lethargy, and decreased urination. Never feed your dog grapes or foods containing them, and contact a vet immediately if ingested.

Green Beans (✅ Yes): Green beans are a low-calorie, high-fiber vegetable that makes a great snack for dogs. They’re rich in vitamins A, C, and K, and can help with weight management. Serve them plain—steamed, raw, or canned with no added salt. Avoid feeding them with seasoning, oils, or sauces. Many vets recommend them as a healthy treat alternative.

Garlic (❌ No): Garlic is toxic to dogs and can cause damage to red blood cells, leading to anemia. Even small amounts can be harmful over time. It’s more concentrated when powdered, making garlic salt or seasoning especially dangerous. Symptoms include weakness, pale gums, and rapid breathing. Garlic should be completely avoided in all forms.

Ginger (⚠️ With Caution): In small doses, fresh ginger is safe and may offer benefits like easing nausea, aiding digestion, and reducing inflammation. However, too much can cause gas or upset stomach. Avoid ginger-flavored snacks or treats made for humans, which often contain sugar or xylitol. Only offer a sliver of fresh ginger or sprinkle a pinch of dried ginger on food.

Granola (❌ No): Granola may contain harmful ingredients such as chocolate, raisins, or xylitol. Even plain versions are often high in sugar and fat, which can contribute to obesity or digestive upset. While oats alone are safe, commercial granola is not recommended. If offering oats, stick to plain, unsweetened, and unflavored varieties.

Ghee (⚠️ With Caution): Ghee is clarified butter and is sometimes better tolerated by lactose-sensitive dogs than regular butter. It contains healthy fats and fat-soluble vitamins, but it’s still very calorie-dense. A small lick is unlikely to cause harm, but large amounts can lead to weight gain or pancreatitis. Only offer in tiny portions—if at all.

Human Foods That Start With H

Honey (⚠️ With Caution): Raw honey is safe for most dogs in small amounts and contains antioxidants, enzymes, and trace vitamins. It may help with allergies and soothing coughs. However, it’s high in natural sugars, which can contribute to weight gain or spike blood sugar in diabetic dogs. Avoid giving honey to puppies or immunocompromised dogs due to the risk of botulism spores.

Ham (⚠️ With Caution): Plain, cooked ham is not toxic to dogs, but it’s very high in salt and fat, which can cause digestive issues, dehydration, or pancreatitis. Many store-bought hams are also seasoned with ingredients that are unsafe, like garlic or sugar. If feeding ham, offer only a small, unseasoned piece as an occasional treat, and avoid processed deli ham altogether.

Hot Dogs (⚠️ With Caution): Hot dogs are heavily processed and typically loaded with salt, fat, preservatives, and seasonings like garlic or onion powder—all of which are harmful to dogs. A plain hot dog won’t be toxic, but it’s far from healthy. If used as a training treat, stick to tiny pieces and opt for all-natural or low-sodium versions with no added ingredients.

Hummus (❌ No): Most hummus contains garlic, lemon juice, and salt—all of which are dangerous or unhealthy for dogs. Chickpeas alone are safe, but the added ingredients in hummus make it toxic. Even a small scoop can lead to stomach upset or worse. Instead, serve cooked plain chickpeas without seasoning if you want to share.

Hazelnuts (⚠️ With Caution): Hazelnuts are not toxic to dogs, but they pose a choking hazard, especially for small breeds, and are high in fat, which can cause GI upset or pancreatitis. If you give your dog a hazelnut, make sure it’s plain, unsalted, and given sparingly. Never feed chocolate-covered or flavored nuts.

Herbs (✅/⚠️ Varies): Some fresh herbs like parsley, basil, rosemary, and thyme are safe and even beneficial for dogs in small amounts, providing antioxidants and supporting digestion. However, others like chives are toxic. Always research specific herbs before adding them to your dog’s food and avoid essential oils or extracts, which are concentrated and dangerous.

Human Foods That Start With I

Ice Cream (⚠️ With Caution): Most ice cream contains dairy and sugar, which many dogs can’t tolerate well. Some may also contain chocolate, xylitol, or artificial sweeteners—all toxic to dogs. While a small lick of vanilla ice cream likely won’t cause harm in a healthy dog, it’s best to offer dog-safe frozen treats instead, like blended banana and plain yogurt frozen in molds.

Instant Noodles (❌ No): Instant noodles offer no nutritional value for dogs and often contain high levels of sodium, preservatives, and harmful flavor packets with garlic or onion powder. They can upset your dog’s stomach or contribute to long-term health issues like kidney strain or high blood pressure. Avoid feeding these altogether.

Iceberg Lettuce (⚠️ With Caution): Iceberg lettuce is non-toxic and safe for dogs to eat, but it has very little nutritional value and a high water content. While it won’t hurt your dog, it’s not especially beneficial either. Feed in moderation, as too much may cause loose stools. Opt for darker leafy greens like spinach or kale (in small amounts) for more nutrients.

Italian Bread (⚠️ With Caution): Plain Italian bread is not toxic to dogs, but it’s high in carbs and may contain ingredients like garlic or onion in some variations (like garlic bread), which are dangerous. If you share a small piece of plain, unseasoned bread, it’s not harmful—but better to offer a healthier, whole food treat instead.

Italian Sausage (❌ No): Italian sausage is unsafe for dogs due to high levels of fat, sodium, and seasonings like garlic, onion, or red pepper flakes. These can irritate your dog’s stomach or even be toxic. Even cooked sausage can cause pancreatitis or long-term health problems. Avoid offering any type of seasoned or processed sausage to your dog.

Human Foods That Start With J

Jackfruit (⚠️ With Caution): The flesh of ripe jackfruit is likely safe for dogs in very small amounts, but the seeds, skin, and rind are not. The fruit is high in fiber and natural sugars, which may cause stomach upset if overfed. Since jackfruit isn’t well studied in dogs, it’s best to offer only a tiny amount and monitor for any reaction. Always remove all seeds and outer parts.

Jam (❌ No): Jam is loaded with sugar and sometimes contains xylitol, an artificial sweetener that is highly toxic to dogs. Even sugar-free versions can be dangerous. High sugar intake can contribute to obesity, dental issues, and diabetes. Stick to natural fruits in moderation instead of sugary spreads.

Jelly (❌ No): Like jam, jelly is full of sugar and often contains artificial ingredients or xylitol, which is deadly to dogs. It offers no nutritional benefit and can lead to weight gain or an upset stomach. Avoid giving dogs any kind of jelly, even in small amounts.

Jerky (⚠️ With Caution): Dog-specific jerky treats are fine, but jerky made for humans often contains high sodium, spices, garlic, or onion powder—none of which are safe for dogs. If making jerky at home, use lean meats with no added seasoning. Avoid store-bought jerky unless it’s specifically made for pets.

Human Foods That Start With K

Kale (⚠️ With Caution): Kale is rich in vitamins A, C, and K, as well as antioxidants that can support immune health. However, it also contains calcium oxalate and compounds that may irritate the stomach or contribute to kidney or bladder stones in some dogs. Serve it cooked, plain, and in small amounts. Avoid giving daily, and monitor for digestive upset.

Kiwi (✅ Yes): Kiwi is safe for dogs to eat in moderation and is packed with vitamin C, fiber, and antioxidants. The skin can be tough and hard to digest, so it’s best to peel it first and serve in small, bite-sized pieces. Due to its high natural sugar and fiber content, too much kiwi can cause loose stools. Offer as an occasional fruity treat.

Ketchup (❌ No): Ketchup contains sugar, salt, and often onion or garlic powder—ingredients that are harmful to dogs. Even in small amounts, it’s not worth the risk. The added preservatives and artificial sweeteners can also pose health threats. Keep ketchup and other condiments off your dog’s menu.

Kidney Beans (⚠️ With Caution): Cooked kidney beans are safe and provide fiber, protein, and antioxidants. However, raw or undercooked kidney beans contain phytohemagglutinin, a toxin that can cause vomiting and diarrhea. Always cook thoroughly and serve plain. Avoid canned beans with added salt or seasonings.

Human Foods That Start With L

Lettuce (✅ Yes): Lettuce, especially romaine or green leaf, is safe and hydrating for dogs. It’s low in calories and contains some vitamins and fiber, though its nutritional value is modest. It makes a good crunchy snack for overweight dogs. Chop it finely to make it easier to digest and avoid iceberg lettuce in large amounts due to its low fiber content.

Lemons (❌ No): Lemons contain citric acid and essential oils that can irritate a dog’s digestive system and cause vomiting or diarrhea. The sour taste also makes them naturally unappealing to most dogs. The peel and seeds are especially problematic. Avoid feeding lemons or any citrus fruits with high acidity.

Liver (✅ Yes): Liver is a nutrient-dense organ meat packed with iron, vitamin A, and B vitamins. It’s great for supporting blood health, skin, and energy levels. However, too much liver can cause vitamin A toxicity, so it should be served in moderation. Stick to small amounts of cooked liver once or twice a week.

Lima Beans (✅ Yes): Cooked lima beans are safe and a good plant-based protein source for dogs. They’re rich in fiber, which can help with digestion, but should always be served plain and fully cooked. Never feed canned varieties with added salt or seasonings. Introduce gradually to prevent gas or bloating.

Human Foods That Start With M

Mango (✅ Yes): Mango is a juicy, vitamin-rich fruit dogs can enjoy in moderation. It’s loaded with vitamins A, B6, C, and E, and provides a sweet treat for hot days. Always remove the pit, which is a choking hazard and contains small amounts of cyanide. Peel the skin and serve small, soft chunks to avoid digestive upset.

Mushrooms (⚠️ With Caution): Store-bought mushrooms like white button or portobello are generally safe when cooked plain. However, wild mushrooms can be extremely toxic and even fatal to dogs. Since it’s hard to distinguish safe from dangerous mushrooms, it’s best to avoid wild varieties entirely. When feeding, skip seasoning or oil.

Macadamia Nuts (❌ No): Macadamia nuts are highly toxic to dogs and can cause weakness, tremors, vomiting, and even temporary paralysis. The exact toxin is unknown, and symptoms can appear even in small amounts. Never feed macadamia nuts or baked goods that contain them. Call a vet immediately if your dog ingests any.

Milk (⚠️ With Caution): Milk isn’t toxic, but many dogs are lactose intolerant and may experience gas, bloating, or diarrhea. Small amounts of milk are safe for dogs that tolerate lactose, but it’s best to avoid it as a regular treat. Stick to lactose-free alternatives or plain yogurt if you’re looking for a dairy option.

Mints (❌ No): Many breath mints and mint-flavored gums contain xylitol, which is highly toxic to dogs. Even xylitol-free mints can contain menthol or artificial ingredients that cause digestive upset. Avoid giving any mint product not specifically made for dogs.

Meat (✅ Yes): Plain, cooked meat like chicken, turkey, beef, or lamb is safe and highly nutritious for dogs. It provides essential protein, amino acids, and minerals for muscle maintenance and energy. Avoid feeding raw meat unless part of a properly balanced raw diet. Always remove bones, seasonings, and excess fat before serving.

Marshmallows (❌ No): Marshmallows contain sugar, gelatin, and sometimes xylitol, which is highly toxic to dogs. Even the non-xylitol kind can lead to obesity, dental issues, and sugar crashes. They offer zero nutritional benefit and should be kept out of reach. Opt for healthy, dog-safe treats instead.

Human Foods That Start With N

Nuts (⚠️ With Caution): Some nuts like plain peanuts or cashews (unsalted and unflavored) are safe in very small amounts, but most are risky. High fat content can cause pancreatitis, and many nuts are choking hazards or contain toxins. Macadamia and black walnuts are especially toxic. Always check the specific nut and avoid mixed, flavored, or salted varieties.

Nutmeg (❌ No): Nutmeg contains myristicin, a compound that’s toxic to dogs and can cause hallucinations, elevated heart rate, disorientation, and seizures. Even small amounts can lead to serious symptoms. Nutmeg is often found in baked goods and holiday dishes, so avoid sharing spiced foods with your dog.

Nutella (❌ No): Nutella contains chocolate and high levels of sugar and fat, which are dangerous for dogs. Even small amounts can cause vomiting, hyperactivity, or pancreatitis. Keep all chocolate spreads out of your dog’s reach.

Noodles (⚠️ With Caution): Plain cooked noodles (without sauce or seasoning) are safe for dogs in moderation, but they offer little nutritional value and are high in carbs. Occasional bites won’t hurt, but they shouldn’t be a regular part of your dog’s diet. Never feed noodles with garlic, onions, or spicy sauces.

Nectarines (⚠️ With Caution): The flesh of ripe nectarines is safe and offers vitamins A and C, but it’s high in sugar, which can upset your dog’s stomach. The pits are dangerous—they contain cyanide and can cause choking or intestinal blockages. Always remove the pit and offer small pieces only.

Human Foods That Start With O

Oatmeal (✅ Yes): Oatmeal is a healthy, fiber-rich grain that’s gentle on a dog’s digestive system. It’s especially good for dogs with wheat allergies or sensitive stomachs. Cook it plain with water (not milk) and avoid adding sugar, salt, or flavorings. You can mix a spoonful into your dog’s food for a boost of soluble fiber and energy.

Olives (⚠️ With Caution): Plain, unsalted, pitted olives are safe for dogs in small amounts. They contain healthy fats and antioxidants but aren’t necessary in a dog’s diet. Avoid olives with pits (choking hazard), and steer clear of stuffed or seasoned varieties, especially those with garlic, onion, or salt.

Onions (❌ No): Onions are highly toxic to dogs and can damage red blood cells, leading to anemia. This includes raw, cooked, powdered, or dehydrated forms, and even onion-flavored snacks. Symptoms of onion toxicity may appear days after ingestion. Keep all forms of onion completely out of your dog’s diet.

Oranges (⚠️ With Caution): Oranges are non-toxic and rich in vitamin C, but they’re also high in sugar and acidity, which can cause digestive upset. Some dogs tolerate them well, while others experience gas or diarrhea. Remove seeds and peel before offering a small segment. Offer occasionally and in moderation only.

Oregano (⚠️ With Caution): Fresh oregano in very small quantities may be safe and has some antibacterial properties, but in larger amounts, it can cause stomach upset or liver issues. Oregano essential oil is highly concentrated and should never be used on or fed to dogs. When in doubt, leave it out.

Human Foods That Start With P

Peanut Butter (✅ Yes): Peanut butter is a protein-rich, high-value treat that most dogs love. It contains healthy fats, niacin, and vitamins E and B. Always choose xylitol-free, unsalted, natural peanut butter. Too much can lead to weight gain, so stick to a spoonful or less as an occasional reward or pill-hiding tool.

Pineapple (✅ Yes): Fresh pineapple is safe for dogs in moderation and loaded with vitamin C, B vitamins, and digestive enzymes. Remove the tough core and spiky skin, and offer small chunks only. Due to high natural sugar content, limit portions and avoid canned pineapple with syrup.

Popcorn (✅ Yes): Plain, air-popped popcorn without butter, salt, or seasoning is safe in small amounts. It’s low in calories and can be a fun occasional treat. Make sure all kernels are popped to prevent choking or damage to teeth. Avoid microwave and flavored varieties entirely.

Pumpkin (✅ Yes): Plain, cooked pumpkin is excellent for dogs—it’s full of fiber, low in calories, and great for digestion. It can help regulate both diarrhea and constipation. Avoid pumpkin pie filling, which often contains sugar and spices like nutmeg. Stick to pure canned or steamed pumpkin.

Peaches (⚠️ With Caution): The flesh of ripe peaches is safe and contains fiber and vitamin A, but the pits are toxic and a choking hazard. Always remove the pit and serve small slices. Avoid canned peaches, which are often packed in syrup or sugar.

Pistachios (⚠️ With Caution): Pistachios are not toxic but are high in fat and often salted or flavored, which can upset your dog’s stomach or cause pancreatitis. If offered, they should be shelled, unsalted, and only given sparingly. It’s better to avoid them altogether in favor of safer nuts like plain peanuts.

Potatoes (⚠️ With Caution): Cooked plain potatoes (boiled or baked without butter or seasoning) are safe in moderation. Raw potatoes contain solanine, which is toxic to dogs. Never feed raw potatoes, green skins, or anything fried like French fries. Sweet potatoes are a healthier alternative.

Pretzels (❌ No): Pretzels are high in salt and offer no nutritional benefit for dogs. Even a small amount of extra salt can cause excessive thirst, urination, or sodium ion poisoning in sensitive dogs. Flavored or filled pretzels may also contain harmful ingredients like garlic or onion powder. Avoid entirely.

Pomegranate (⚠️ With Caution): Pomegranate seeds are safe in small amounts, but eating too many can upset a dog’s stomach due to their acidity and tannins. Whole seeds can also be hard to digest. Pomegranate extract, often used in dog supplements, is generally safe in controlled doses.

Pop-Tarts (❌ No): Pop-Tarts are loaded with sugar, artificial flavors, and possibly xylitol or chocolate, all of which are harmful. They offer no nutritional value and can cause stomach upset or worse. Keep these processed treats far from your pup.

Peas (✅ Yes): Green peas, snap peas, and snow peas are all safe for dogs and packed with fiber, vitamins, and plant protein. Avoid canned peas with added salt. Serve cooked or raw in small amounts for a nutritious boost.

Peanuts (✅ Yes): Plain, unsalted peanuts are safe for dogs in moderation. They’re high in healthy fats and protein but also calorie-dense. Avoid salted, honey-roasted, or chocolate-covered varieties. Offer as an occasional treat only.

Human Foods That Start With Q

Quinoa (✅ Yes): Quinoa is a nutrient-dense grain that’s safe and even beneficial for dogs. It’s high in protein, fiber, and essential amino acids, making it a great substitute for rice or other grains. Serve it plain and fully cooked—no salt, garlic, or seasonings. Some dog foods even include quinoa as a healthy carbohydrate source.

Queso (❌ No): Queso (melted cheese dip) is a no-go for dogs due to high fat, salt, and often harmful ingredients like onions, garlic, or spicy peppers. It can lead to stomach upset, pancreatitis, or worse. Even small amounts can cause issues, especially for dogs that are lactose intolerant. Stick to dog-safe cheese in small portions if you want a cheesy treat.

Quail (✅ Yes): Cooked, boneless quail is a lean protein source that’s safe for dogs and often used in limited-ingredient or novel protein diets. It’s rich in iron and B vitamins. Raw feeding enthusiasts sometimes include quail (bones and all), but only do so with proper research or veterinary guidance. Avoid seasoning and always cook thoroughly if not feeding raw.

Human Foods That Start With R

Rice (✅ Yes): Plain white or brown rice is safe and often recommended for dogs with upset stomachs. It’s easily digestible and provides a quick source of energy. Brown rice has more fiber, while white rice is gentler on the digestive tract. Serve fully cooked and unseasoned. It’s also a common ingredient in many commercial dog foods.

Raisins (❌ No): Raisins are extremely toxic to dogs and can cause sudden kidney failure—even in small amounts. Sensitivity varies by dog, so there’s no safe quantity. Symptoms can include vomiting, lethargy, and loss of appetite. If your dog ingests raisins (or grapes), contact a vet immediately.

Raspberries (✅ Yes): Raspberries are safe for dogs in moderation and contain antioxidants, fiber, and vitamin C. However, they naturally contain a small amount of xylitol, so they should be limited—especially for small breeds. Offer fresh or frozen berries, a few at a time, and avoid anything sweetened or flavored.

Rutabaga (✅ Yes): Rutabaga is a root vegetable that’s safe and nutritious for dogs. It’s rich in fiber, vitamin C, and potassium. Cook it thoroughly and serve in small, plain chunks. Raw rutabaga may be hard to digest, so steaming or boiling is best. Don’t season or butter it.

Rib Bones (❌ No): Cooked rib bones can splinter easily and cause choking, internal injuries, or intestinal blockages. Raw bones may be safer under proper supervision but still carry risk. It’s best to avoid giving dogs rib bones entirely. Opt for dog-safe chews designed for dental health instead.

Human Foods That Start With S

Strawberries (✅ Yes): Strawberries are a sweet, vitamin C–rich fruit that can be a refreshing, low-calorie treat for dogs. They’re also high in fiber and antioxidants. Serve fresh or frozen, sliced into small pieces. Due to their natural sugar content, offer in moderation and avoid canned or sweetened versions.

Spinach (⚠️ With Caution): Spinach contains vitamins and iron, but it also has oxalates, which can interfere with calcium absorption and contribute to kidney issues if fed in large amounts. Small amounts of cooked spinach are safe, but it shouldn’t be a regular part of your dog’s diet. Always cook and serve plain.

Salt (❌ No): Excess salt is dangerous for dogs and can lead to dehydration, high blood pressure, or sodium ion poisoning. Symptoms include vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, and seizures. While trace amounts in cooked foods won’t usually harm healthy dogs, added salt or salty snacks should always be avoided.

Sweet Potatoes (✅ Yes): Sweet potatoes are an excellent, digestible source of fiber, beta-carotene, and vitamins A and C. They support digestive and skin health. Always serve them cooked, mashed, or chopped—never raw, as they’re hard to digest. Skip any butter, marshmallows, or spices.

Sausage (❌ No): Most sausages are high in fat, sodium, and spices like garlic or onion powder—making them unsafe for dogs. Regular consumption can lead to obesity or pancreatitis. Even unseasoned sausage should be limited due to fat content. Better to avoid sausage altogether.

Shrimp (✅ Yes): Cooked, plain shrimp (no shell or tail) is safe for dogs and offers protein, vitamin B12, and selenium. It’s low in fat and calories, making it a good treat in moderation. Always cook it thoroughly and avoid fried, seasoned, or buttered shrimp.

Sardines (✅ Yes): Sardines are small, oily fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids, calcium, and vitamin D. They support joint health, skin, and coat. Feed canned sardines packed in water—never in oil or sauces—and avoid added salt. You can feed them whole, including bones, which are soft and digestible.

Seaweed (⚠️ With Caution): Plain, dried seaweed made for human consumption can be safe in tiny amounts. It contains iodine and other minerals, but too much can disrupt thyroid function. Avoid flavored seaweed snacks with salt or spices, and never let dogs eat seaweed found on the beach.

Squash (✅ Yes): Butternut and acorn squash are safe for dogs when cooked and plain. They’re rich in fiber and beta-carotene, supporting digestive and eye health. Remove seeds and skin before serving, and serve in small chunks.

Human Foods That Start With T

Tomatoes (⚠️ With Caution): Ripe red tomatoes are generally safe for dogs in small amounts and contain vitamins A and C. However, green tomatoes, stems, and leaves contain solanine, which is toxic to dogs. Only offer small amounts of ripe, plain tomato flesh and avoid anything unripe or part of the plant.

Turkey (✅ Yes): Cooked, plain turkey is a lean protein that’s great for dogs. It’s commonly found in dog foods and is rich in B vitamins and amino acids. Always remove the skin (which is fatty) and bones, and never feed seasoned or stuffed turkey. Serve chopped or shredded.

Tuna (⚠️ With Caution): Cooked tuna is safe for dogs in small quantities and is a good source of protein and omega-3 fatty acids. However, tuna contains higher mercury levels than other fish, so it should not be a regular part of your dog’s diet. Avoid tuna in oil or with added salt, and never feed raw or canned varieties with seasoning.

Tortillas (⚠️ With Caution): Plain flour or corn tortillas aren’t toxic, but they’re processed and offer little nutritional value. Many contain salt or preservatives, which aren’t ideal for dogs. An occasional small piece won’t hurt, but they’re not recommended as regular treats. Skip flavored or store-bought versions with additives.

Tofu (✅ Yes): Tofu is a plant-based protein made from soybeans and is generally safe for dogs in moderation. It’s a good alternative protein source for dogs with meat allergies. However, some dogs don’t digest soy well and may experience gas or bloating. Serve plain, cooked, and in small amounts.

Human Foods That Start With U

Ugli Fruit (⚠️ With Caution): Ugli fruit, a citrus hybrid, is safe for dogs in very small quantities. It’s high in vitamin C and water content, but its acidity can upset some dogs’ stomachs. Always remove seeds and peel, and offer only a small piece to see how your dog reacts. Due to sugar and acid, it’s best as an occasional treat.

Upside-Down Cake (❌ No): This dessert is unsafe for dogs due to high sugar, butter, and often ingredients like raisins or cherries with pits. It can lead to digestive upset, pancreatitis, or even toxicity depending on the ingredients. Keep all sugary baked goods, especially with fruit or glaze, out of your dog’s reach.

Udon (⚠️ With Caution): Plain cooked udon noodles are not toxic but are high in carbs and offer little nutritional value. If the noodles are part of a dish with soy sauce, garlic, or onions, they can be dangerous. If you share, offer only plain, soft, unsalted noodles—and only a few bites.

Human Foods That Start With V

Vanilla (⚠️ With Caution): Pure vanilla extract contains alcohol, which is toxic to dogs even in small amounts. Baked goods with small amounts of cooked vanilla are generally safe, but raw extract or flavoring should never be given. Look for alcohol-free vanilla if you’re baking dog-safe treats at home.

Vegetables (✅ Yes): Many vegetables are safe and nutritious for dogs, including carrots, green beans, peas, broccoli, spinach, and zucchini. They offer fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Serve cooked or raw in small portions, always plain and unseasoned. Avoid onions, leeks, and garlic, which are toxic.

Vinegar (⚠️ With Caution): Small amounts of diluted apple cider vinegar may be safe and occasionally used for digestion or as a flea deterrent. However, too much can irritate a dog’s stomach or damage tooth enamel. White vinegar and cleaning-grade vinegar should never be ingested. Always consult a vet before using vinegar as a supplement.

Vienna Sausages (❌ No): Vienna sausages are highly processed, salty, and usually contain garlic, onion, or other seasonings toxic to dogs. They can lead to pancreatitis or sodium poisoning. Avoid feeding them entirely, even as a small snack.

Human Foods That Start With W

Watermelon (✅ Yes): Watermelon is hydrating and packed with vitamins A, B6, and C. It’s a refreshing, low-calorie snack for dogs—especially in the summer. Always remove the rind and seeds, as they can cause blockages or digestive issues. Serve in small, seedless chunks, either fresh or frozen.

Walnuts (❌ No): Walnuts, especially moldy ones, can be toxic to dogs and may contain mycotoxins that affect the nervous system. They’re also high in fat and can cause stomach upset or pancreatitis. Black walnuts are particularly dangerous. Keep all varieties away from your dog.

White Rice (✅ Yes): White rice is easily digestible and often recommended for dogs with upset stomachs. It’s low in fiber but provides quick energy through carbohydrates. Serve fully cooked and plain—no butter, salt, or seasoning. It’s a common base in many homemade bland diets for sick dogs.

Whipped Cream (⚠️ With Caution): A small dollop of plain whipped cream is generally safe for dogs who tolerate dairy, but it’s high in fat and sugar. Too much can cause obesity, upset stomach, or diarrhea. Avoid flavored or sugar-free versions, which may contain xylitol.

Wheat Bread (⚠️ With Caution): Plain wheat bread is non-toxic and can be safe in small amounts for dogs who aren’t allergic to wheat. However, it offers little nutrition and may contain added sugar, salt, or raisins, which are toxic. Always read the label before sharing even a bite.

Human Foods That Start With X

Xylitol (❌ No): Xylitol is an artificial sweetener that is extremely toxic to dogs. It’s found in sugar-free gum, candy, baked goods, toothpaste, and some peanut butters. Even tiny amounts can cause insulin spikes, leading to hypoglycemia, seizures, liver failure, or death. Never allow your dog access to any product containing xylitol—emergency vet care is critical if ingested.

Xanthan Gum (⚠️ With Caution): Common in processed foods, xanthan gum is generally considered safe in small amounts, especially when found in commercial dog food. However, large amounts may cause gas or diarrhea. It’s best to avoid giving foods with xanthan gum regularly unless they’re vet-approved.

Xigua (✅ Yes): Xigua is another name for watermelon! As mentioned earlier, it’s safe when served seedless and rind-free. It’s hydrating, full of vitamins, and loved by many pups as a frozen treat.

Human Foods That Start With Y

Yogurt (✅ Yes): Plain, unsweetened yogurt is safe for most dogs and can be a good source of calcium and probiotics that support digestive health. Avoid yogurts with added sugar, fruit, or xylitol. Greek yogurt is often better tolerated due to lower lactose content. Offer a spoonful as a treat or mix into meals.

Yeast Dough (❌ No): Raw yeast dough is extremely dangerous for dogs. It can expand in the stomach, causing painful bloating or life-threatening gastric dilation. Additionally, the fermentation process releases alcohol, which can cause alcohol poisoning. Never leave dough where your dog can reach it.

Human Foods That Start With Z

Zucchini (✅ Yes): Zucchini is a low-calorie, vitamin-rich vegetable that’s safe for dogs when served plain. It contains fiber, potassium, and vitamin C. Offer it cooked or raw in bite-sized pieces. Avoid seasoning or frying it. It’s a great crunchy snack for dogs watching their weight.

Ziti (⚠️ With Caution): Plain cooked ziti (or any pasta) is not toxic but is high in carbs and low in nutrition for dogs. It’s okay in very small amounts, but avoid pasta dishes with sauces, garlic, or onions. If shared, serve plain, unsalted, and without oil or cheese.

Best Way to Add Human Foods to Your Dog’s Diet

• Try Human-Grade Dog Food: If you want the benefits of real, fresh ingredients without having to prepare every meal yourself, consider switching to human-grade dog food. These recipes are made in USDA-inspected facilities using the same quality meats, veggies, and grains you’d eat. They offer balanced nutrition without the fillers or by-products found in many commercial kibbles. Read our guide to the Best Human-Grade Dog Food Brands

• Use Human-Grade Dog Treats: Instead of tossing your dog scraps from the table, opt for human-grade dog treats made with safe, whole-food ingredients like pumpkin, sweet potato, or single-source proteins. They’re perfect for training or rewarding your pup without the risk of harmful additives or artificial flavors. Check out our list of the Best Human-Grade Dog Treats

Risks

The following symptoms may indicate a bad reaction to human foods.

What to Do If A Dog Reacts Badly to Human Foods

Dogs showing worsening symptoms, such as blood in their vomit or stool, difficulty breathing, weakness, or collapse, should be taken to the veterinarian immediately.

1. Contact a veterinarian immediately: Even if your dog seems fine, contact your veterinarian or an emergency pet poison hotline right away. This includes services like the ASPCA Animal Poison Control Center or Pet Poison Helpline at 1-855-764-7661. If you can’t reach your vet, you can chat live with a registered online veterinary professional via our online vet chat or video chat support (24 hours a day, 7 days a week). You can also schedule an at-home veterinary appointment with The Vets, a mobile veterinary service that provides at-home vet care nationwide for just about everything.

2. Gather important information: When speaking to a vet, provide the quantity consumed (estimate if unsure), time of ingestion, and dog’s weight and breed (to assess potential risk).

3. Follow veterinary instructions: The vet may suggest monitoring at home or emergency treatment at the clinic.

• Bring any remaining food or packaging to help the vet assess the situation.
• Keep your dog calm and prevent them from eating anything else.
• Be prepared to transport your dog to the vet quickly if advised.

The Bottom Line

Feeding your dog human food can be a healthy way to supplement their diet—if you know what’s safe. From nutritious options like carrots, blueberries, and plain cooked meats to dangerous foods like chocolate, grapes, and xylitol, understanding which ingredients support your dog’s health (and which put them at risk) is essential. When in doubt, always check the ingredients first or consult your veterinarian. And if you’re looking for a convenient way to give your pup real, whole foods without the guesswork, consider transitioning to human-grade dog food and treats. Your dog’s body—and belly—will thank you.

If you’re looking for other healthy snack options, you can also get creative in the kitchen with homemade dog treat recipes or homemade dog food recipes for a natural and wholesome reward.

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Sources

Canine Bible uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process and product review methodology to learn more about how we fact-check, test products, and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy.