Like humans, dogs can suffer from hidden deficiencies that lead to itchy skin, low energy, weak joints, or even behavioral changes. And while premium dog food claims to check every nutritional box, the truth is many pups need an extra boost, especially seniors, picky eaters, and those with health conditions. The right dog vitamin can help fill those gaps, supporting everything from immunity to mobility and skin health. But, how do you know which vitamins actually deliver results, and which your dog should take? In this article, we’ll break down the best dog vitamins for different needs so you can make a confident, vet-backed choice.
Do Dogs Need Vitamin Supplementation?
Vitamins are essential for dogs’ health, but whether dogs should use vitamin supplements depends on their diet, health status, and specific needs. Most healthy dogs eating a complete and balanced commercial diet do not need additional vitamin supplements. However, supplementation may be beneficial or necessary in certain situations, but can also pose risks if not managed properly.
When supplementation may be needed
Pregnant, lactating, or aging dogs with increased nutritional needs.
Dogs on homemade, raw, or plant-based diets may lack certain nutrients.
Dogs with diagnosed deficiencies or specific medical conditions, as advised by a veterinarian.
Dog Vitamins Ranked by Need
Vitamin
Role / Benefits
Caution / Risks
Notes
Vitamin A
Vision, immune function, skin and coat health
Fat-soluble; excess can cause toxicity (bone deformities, liver damage)
Found in liver, fish oil, eggs
Vitamin B1 (Thiamine)
Carbohydrate metabolism, nerve function
Rarely toxic; deficiency may cause neurological issues
Essential during stress or illness
Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin)
Energy production, skin and coat health
Low toxicity; excess excreted
Found in organ meats, dairy
Vitamin B3 (Niacin)
Supports metabolism and enzyme function
High doses can cause liver issues or flushing
Found in poultry, fish, legumes
Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid)
Hormone and coenzyme production
Very low toxicity risk
Needed for metabolic processes
Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine)
Brain function, red blood cell production
Excess may cause nerve damage over time
Important for protein metabolism
Vitamin B7 (Biotin)
Maintains healthy skin, coat, and claws
Rarely toxic; water-soluble
Commonly used for dogs with dull coats
Vitamin B9 (Folic Acid)
Cell growth and red blood cell production
Large amounts may mask B12 deficiency
Especially important for pregnant dogs
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
Nerve and digestive health, red blood cell formation
Deficiency more concerning than excess
Crucial for gastrointestinal and liver health
Vitamin C
Antioxidant; supports immunity and joint health
Excess can cause diarrhea
Helps during stress or aging despite being synthesized naturally
Vitamin D
Helps regulate calcium and phosphorus for bones
Fat-soluble; overdose may lead to kidney failure
Must be balanced with calcium intake
Vitamin E
Antioxidant; supports skin, muscles, and immune function
High doses may impair blood clotting
Helps with arthritis and aging
Vitamin K
Essential for blood clotting and bone metabolism
High doses can interfere with some meds
K1 used in poisoning treatment (e.g., rodenticides)
Always consult your veterinarian before adding vitamins to your dog’s diet. For personalized advice, you can also speak with a registered vet nutritionist online through platforms like Vetster. They can help determine if your dog truly needs vitamin supplementation or if their current diet already meets their nutritional needs. At-home dog gut health tests are another valuable tool, offering insight into microbiome imbalances that may benefit from targeted vitamins or probiotics. Likewise, at-home dog food allergy tests can uncover hidden sensitivities, helping you select supplements that support your dog’s skin, digestion, immunity, and overall health.
Best Dog Vitamins
Here are the best vitamins dogs need for a healthy life.
Best Multivitamin for Dogs
4.8
★★★★★
Pet Honesty Multivitamin – 10 in 1
Who It’s For: Dog parents looking to proactively support ten aspects of their dog’s health without juggling multiple products.
Why we recommended it:The Pet Honesty Dog Multivitamin 10-in-1 supports joints, immune system, skin and coat, urinary health, mobility, digestion, gut, heart, brain, bones, eyes, and overall energy. This 10-in-1 formula addresses key health areas in one convenient chew, making maintaining your dog’s overall wellness easier. The product is manufactured in a GMP-compliant facility in the USA, utilizing globally sourced ingredients, and is a NASC member, ensuring adherence to high safety and quality standards.
How multivitamins work in dogs (mechanism of action): This multivitamin delivers targeted nutrients that support the body’s natural functions. Glucosamine helps reduce joint inflammation and supports cartilage and connective tissue repair, enhancing mobility. Probiotics and pumpkin maintain healthy gut flora, aiding digestion and reducing gastrointestinal issues. Omega fatty acids from krill oil and eggshell meal nourish the skin and coat, reducing dryness and irritation. Antioxidant vitamins (A, C, D3) neutralize free radicals, bolster the immune system, and promote cardiovascular health. This synergy of ingredients creates a holistic health boost for dogs.
Vitamin A For Dogs
4.8
★★★★★
Magic Medical-Strength Vitamin A
Who It’s For: Dogs suffering from skin and coat issues, including dryness, itching, and conditions like sebaceous adenitis or vitamin A-responsive dermatosis.
Main ingredients: Vitamin A, niacinamide, EPA Omega 3
Lifestage: All ages
Why we recommended it:The Doc Itchy Pet Chews Medical-Strength Vitamin A Retinol delivers a high-concentration, medical-strength vitamin A dose explicitly designed for therapeutic use under guidance. It’s one of the few vitamin A supplements that comes in a soft chew form, making it easier to administer than capsules or liquids. It’s combined with niacinamide (vitamin B3) and omega-3 EPA, which optimize skin and gland health, normalize epidermal turnover, and restore the skin barrier. This combination addresses skin disorders’ symptoms and underlying causes, making it more effective than simple vitamin A supplements.
How vitamin A works in dogs (mechanism of action): Vitamin A (Retinol) 5,000 IU in this formula supports cellular differentiation and gene expression critical for skin regeneration and immune defense. It helps normalize sebum production, preventing gland problems, and enhances skin barrier function to reduce moisture loss and irritation. Vitamin A also helps repair and maintain the skin barrier and mucous membranes (internal linings) of the digestive, respiratory, and urinary tracts. It has a key role in immune cell function and is necessary for forming visual pigments in the retina, making it vital for skin health and eyesight.
Vitamin B Complex For Dogs
4.7
★★★★★
Breeder’s Edge B Strong
Who It’s For: Formulated for dogs under high stress, particularly breeding females, puppies during growth spurts, working dogs, or those recovering from illness.
Why we recommended it:The Breeder’s Edge B Strong Powder offers a comprehensive blend of B-complex (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12) vitamins, minerals, and amino acids that go beyond basic supplementation to support various bodily functions. This particular B-complex vitamin product is especially suited for breeding dogs as it promotes fertility, fetal development, healthy pregnancies and heat cycles in females, enhances sperm quality and drive in males. However, it’s also great for dogs recovering from illness or surgery, as well as those with appetite or energy challenges (i.e., working dogs).
Additionally, vitamin B complex can be used to prevent infections and help support or promote:
Cell health
Growth of red blood cells
Energy levels
Eyesight
Brain function
Digestion
Appetite
Proper nerve function
Hormones and cholesterol production
Cardiovascular health
Muscle tone
The powder’s liver flavor is generally well-received, and many users report improved coat condition and increased liveliness after consistent use.
How vitamin B complex works in dogs (mechanism of action):The product works by supplying essential B vitamins such as thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), niacinamide (B3), pantothenic acid (B5), pyridoxine (B6), folic acid (B9), biotin (B7), and vitamin B12, alongside minerals like iron, copper, zinc, manganese, and amino acids including taurine and L-carnitine. These nutrients are critical in cellular metabolism, red blood cell formation, nerve function, and energy production. For reproductive health, B vitamins regulate hormone balance and support healthy tissue development. The minerals and amino acids contribute to cardiovascular health and immune function, creating a holistic support system for dogs.
Vitamin B1 For Dogs (Thiamine)
4.8
★★★★★
Herb Science Vitamin B1
Who It’s For: Ideal for dogs with thiamine deficiencies, digestive issues, metabolism support, home-cooked diets, or nervous system imbalances.
Why we recommended it:Herb Science Liquid Vitamin B1 Drops provide a high-quality, alcohol-free, vegan-friendly Vitamin B1 formulation that ensures rapid absorption and easy dosing. The liquid form allows for flexible administration, whether mixed with food or given directly, making it ideal for dogs that resist pills or chews. Thiamine is often destroyed by cooking or lacking in raw meat without proper organ balance, making this vitamin crucial in a homemade diet unless carefully formulated.
How vitamin B1 works in dogs (mechanism of action):Vitamin B1 works in dogs by acting as a crucial coenzyme in carbohydrate metabolism, helping dogs convert food (carbohydrates) into usable energy (glucose), the primary energy source for cells, which is essential for active or aging dogs. This process supports ATP production, which fuels muscle contraction, nerve function, and cardiovascular health. Thiamine also plays a vital role in maintaining a healthy nervous system by supporting neurotransmitter synthesis and protecting against neurological deficits caused by deficiency. Additionally, it aids digestion by promoting adequate stomach acid production and nutrient absorption. Its anti-inflammatory effects and support for skin cell energy contribute to healthier skin and coat.
*This product is labeled for human use. However, verified Amazon reviews say buyers use this product on their dogs. Consult with your veterinarian.
Vitamin B2 For Dogs (Riboflavin)
4.8
★★★★★
The Honest Kitchen Chicken Dehydrated
Who It’s For: Dog owners who want a nutrient-rich, human-grade diet that naturally provides the benefits of vitamin B2 (riboflavin) and other essential vitamins.
Why we recommended it:The Honest Kitchen Chicken Dehydrated Whole Grain Dog Food delivers a natural and balanced source of vitamin B2 (riboflavin) along with other essential nutrients, without relying on synthetic additives. Riboflavin is present in most of this recipe’s ingredients, including chicken, barley, oats, flaxseed, peas, bananas, parsley, and dried kelp, making it a highly digestible and bioavailable option. The minimally processed, dehydrated format preserves more natural vitamins than traditional kibble.
How vitamin B2 works in dogs (mechanism of action):Riboflavin in this food acts as a coenzyme in energy production pathways, particularly in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. It facilitates the conversion of these macronutrients into ATP, the cellular energy currency, which supports muscle function, skin regeneration, and overall metabolic health. Also, riboflavin plays an antioxidant defense role, helping protect cells from oxidative stress and promoting a healthy immune response. The whole-food ingredients also provide complementary nutrients that synergize with riboflavin’s effects, enhancing its benefits.
Vitamin B3 For Dogs (Niacin or niacinamide)
4.7
★★★★★
21st Century Niacinamide 500
Who It’s For: Dogs dealing with chronic inflammation, weak muscle tone, high metabolic demands, illness recovery, or skin issues.
Why we recommended it:21st Century Niacinamide 500 provides a concentrated, no-flush form of vitamin B3 (niacinamide), which is easier on the stomach and more stable than traditional niacin. The formulation is gluten-free, non-GMO, and free from artificial additives, which appeals to owners mindful of ingredient quality.
How vitamin B3 works in dogs (mechanism of action): Niacinamide works in dogs by serving as a critical coenzyme in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, facilitating their conversion into usable cellular energy (ATP). This supports muscle function, nervous system signaling, and overall vitality. Additionally, niacinamide has anti-inflammatory properties that help soothe skin irritations and promote faster healing by strengthening the skin’s barrier and improving moisture retention. It also supports cardiovascular health by aiding lipid metabolism and regulating blood sugar levels, which can benefit dogs with metabolic concerns. Moreover, it reduces overactive immune reactions, making it helpful in treating autoimmune conditions (e.g., pemphigus, lupus). Vitamin B3 contributes to DNA repair and protects cells from oxidative damage, helping to slow age-related decline and support healing processes.
*While this product is labeled for human use, many veterinarians recommend it for dogs. According to verified Amazon reviews, buyers use this product on their dogs. Be sure to talk to your vet first.
Vitamin B5 For Dogs (Pantothenic Acid)
4.8
★★★★★
HolistaPet Multivitamin Soft Chews
Who It’s For: Ideal for dogs who may benefit from pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) and a balanced boost of essential vitamins and minerals.
Why we recommended it:HolistaPet’s multivitamin chews include a broad spectrum of vitamins, minerals, enzymes, essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and probiotics, with an effective dose of pantothenic acid (vitamin B5, 2mg)—a vital but often overlooked vitamin that works synergistically to promote vitality and resilience in many dog multivitamins.
How vitamin B5 works in dogs (mechanism of action): Vitamin B5 is a component of coenzyme A, which is involved in breaking down fats and carbohydrates for energy, skin health, as well as supporting the synthesis of hormones, proteins, lipids, and other important molecules. Active or working dogs can benefit from vitamin B5, which helps convert carbohydrates, fats, and proteins into usable energy. Dogs with skin or coat issues may also benefit, since B5 supports skin hydration, reduces flakiness, and promotes a healthy, shiny coat. Puppies and growing dogs need B5 for proper cellular development and adrenal function, particularly during periods of rapid growth or stress. Additionally, it aids in tissue repair, making it useful for dogs recovering from injury or surgery.
Vitamin B6 For Dogs (Pyridoxine)
4.7
★★★★★
Dog Athlete Licks
Who It’s For: Designed for high-energy canine athletes—think agility competitors, hunting dogs. Also, ideal improved brain function, hormone regulation, and protein metabolism,
Main ingredients: Vitamin B6, L-carnitin, maltodextrin
Lifestage: All ages
Why we recommended it:LICKS provides a targeted dose of pyridoxine (vitamin B6 – 105 mg) and a blend of nutrients that support various aspects of canine athletic performance. It comes in a highly absorbable liquid form, bypassing some digestive losses seen with tablets or powders. It’s also easy to administer—no pills to swallow, just a flavored liquid that dogs typically lick right up.
How vitamin B6 works in dogs (mechanism of action):Vitamin B6 is crucial for neurotransmitter production (like serotonin, dopamine, and GABA), red blood cell synthesis, and amino acid metabolism. It supports proper nerve signaling, hormone regulation, and immune defense in dogs. Pyridoxine also plays a role in reducing inflammation and helping dogs better cope with physical and emotional stress, and even epileptic dogs, which is important for athletic or anxious pups. B6 deficiency can lead to dermatitis, dry skin, and mucous membrane inflammation, particularly around the face.
*While this supplement is made for energy and recovery, dogs can still benefit from the vitamin B6 component in its formula. Speak with your vet first.
Vitamin B7 For Dogs (Biotin)
4.7
★★★★★
Nickers Bio Coat
Who It’s For: Ideal for dogs with skin, coat, or nail issues, including excessive shedding, dry/itchy skin, brittle nails, or dull fur.
Why we recommended it:Nickers Bio Coat delivers a high-potency dose of biotin (vitamin B7) (6 mg per teaspoon) along with essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals that support skin repair and coat vitality. The product’s yeast-based powder format is easy to sprinkle over food, making administration simple and well accepted by pets.
How vitamin B7 works in dogs (mechanism of action): Biotin works in dogs by acting as a coenzyme essential for fatty acid synthesis and carbohydrate and protein metabolism, which are critical for maintaining healthy skin cells and hair follicles. It enhances keratin production, the structural protein of hair and skin, promoting stronger, shinier coats and reducing hair loss. Biotin also supports the repair of damaged skin and helps maintain the integrity of paw pads and nails. Maximizing nutrient utilization improves overall skin barrier function and resilience against irritants.
Vitamin B9 For Dogs (Folic Acid)
4.8
★★★★★
Nutrition Strength Folate for Dogs
Who It’s For: Dogs with digestive issues, poor metabolism, or pregnant/lactating females. Also beneficial for heart health, chronic inflammation, and proper growth.
Why we recommended it:Nutrition Strength Folate provides a clean, concentrated dose of Vitamin B9, also known as folate or folic acid, essential for DNA synthesis, fetal development, and red blood cell formation. Many commercial dog foods contain only trace amounts of folate, making targeted supplementation a smart choice for dogs with specific needs, especially during growth or reproduction.
How vitamin B9 works in dogs (mechanism of action):Vitamin B9 works in dogs by participating in amino acid and nucleotide metabolism, essential for DNA synthesis and repair, and mitochondrial protein synthesis. It helps maintain healthy cell division and supports the formation of red blood cells, preventing anemia. Additionally, folate contributes to homocysteine metabolism, which is important for cardiovascular health. Folic acid also supports proper brain function and helps prevent certain congenital defects in puppies when supplemented during pregnancy. It is crucial in dogs’ overall health and development, especially during pregnancy and puppyhood.
Vitamin B12 For Dogs (Cobalamin)
4.8
★★★★★
Wonder Paws Vitamin B12
Who It’s For: Dogs that may have low B12 due to dietary insufficiency, gastrointestinal issues, or age-related decline.
Why we recommended it:Wonder Paws Vitamin B12 delivers two highly absorbable forms of vitamin B12-cobalamin and methylcobalamin-along with active folate (5-MTHF) to enhance absorption and efficacy. This combination supports not only energy metabolism but also cognitive function and the formation of red blood cells. The beef-flavored chewables are palatable and easy to administer, which owners often praise for encouraging consistent use. Additionally, the product is vet-approved, made in the USA with NASC certification, and formulated with human-grade ingredients, ensuring high quality and safety. Since B12 is found almost exclusively in animal-based foods, dogs on vegan or poorly balanced homemade diets may be at risk of deficiency and require supplementation to stay healthy.
How vitamin B12 works in dogs (mechanism of action): Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is essential for dogs because it supports nervous system function, DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and energy metabolism. It is especially important for dogs with digestive disorders such as chronic diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), as these conditions often impair B12 absorption. Senior dogs may also benefit from supplementation due to reduced nutrient absorption with age, which can lead to fatigue or cognitive decline. Dogs showing signs of anemia, such as weakness or pale gums, may need B12 to help restore healthy red blood cell levels. It’s also crucial during puppyhood for proper brain development and growth. Methylcobalamin, the form used here, bypasses some metabolic steps, making it easier for compromised systems to utilize.
Vitamin C For Dogs
4.8
★★★★★
Bio-C Vitamin C for Dogs
Who It’s For: Dogs need a powerful antioxidant that supports immune health, joint function, and tissue repair.
Why we recommended it:Rx Vitamins Bio-C provides vitamin C in the form of sodium ascorbate, a buffered, non-acidic variant that is gentler on the stomach than ascorbic acid, reducing the risk of digestive upset. The formula also includes lemon bioflavonoids, which enhance the absorption and antioxidant activity of vitamin C, making the supplement more effective. Vitamin C is a powerful antioxidant that, while not considered essential for dogs since they can produce it naturally in their liver, can still offer significant health benefits when supplemented—especially in certain situations such as senior dogs whose experience a decline in natural vitamins C production due to aging.
How vitamin C works in dogs (mechanism of action):Vitamin C works primarily as a potent antioxidant, neutralizing free radicals that cause cellular damage and oxidative stress. It also supports the immune system by promoting white blood cell production and function. Additionally, vitamin C plays a crucial role in collagen synthesis, which is vital for maintaining healthy joints, skin, and connective tissues. It can help reduce inflammation and stress hormone levels, improving overall health and resilience. Dogs with chronic infections, allergies, or autoimmune issues may also see improved immune response and symptom relief.
Vitamin D For Dogs
4.6
★★★★★
Nutrition Strength Vitamin D
Who It’s For: Dogs that need calcium and phosphorus for bone health, muscle function, and immune response.
Why we recommended it:Nutrition Strength Vitamin D provides a precisely dosed amount of vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), the most bioactive and effective form of vitamin D for dogs. This supplement combines vitamin D3 with calcium, magnesium, and zinc to create a synergistic formula for bone health and mineral metabolism. Unlike standalone vitamin D pills, it’s tailored to dogs’ needs, reducing the risk of toxicity (a concern with human supplements).
How vitamin D works in dogs (mechanism of action):Vitamin D3 regulates calcium and phosphorus absorption in the intestines and facilitates mineral deposition in bones, making it critical for skeletal development and maintenance. It also supports muscle function and plays a role in modulating immune responses. It regulates inflammatory cytokines, maintains mineral balance, and supports kidney and heart health. In dogs, a deficiency can lead to bone deformities, fatigue, or even cardiac issues, making controlled supplementation necessary for prevention and recovery.
Too much vitamin D can be toxic for dogs and lead to kidney damage, vomiting, lethargy, or death. Supplementation should always be done under veterinary guidance.
Vitamin E For Dogs
4.8
★★★★★
iVitamins Vitamin
Who It’s For: Dog owners who want to support their pet’s immune system, skin health, cellular health, combat oxidative stress, maintain healthy muscles, nerves, and vision.
Why we recommended it:iVitamins Vitamin E delivers a pure and potent dose of natural vitamin E (d-alpha tocopherol), which has superior bioavailability compared to synthetic alternatives. The product is formulated to complement fatty acid supplementation, making it ideal for dogs receiving fish oil. For dogs on fish oil, vitamin E supplementation is critical because fish oil’s polyunsaturated fats can deplete vitamin E stores.
How vitamin E works in dogs (mechanism of action):Vitamin E works in dogs by acting as a powerful antioxidant that stabilizes cell membranes and prevents oxidative damage caused by free radicals. This protection supports healthy skin, muscles, nerves, and eyes. Additionally, vitamin E enhances immune function and may reduce inflammation, which is beneficial for dogs with arthritis or allergic skin conditions. For joints, it inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β) and reduces oxidative stress in cartilage, slowing osteoarthritis progression.
Vitamin K For Dogs
4.8
★★★★★
Vet One Vitamin K1 ChewableS
Who It’s For: Formulated for dogs who have ingested anticoagulant rodenticides, suffer from liver disorders, or are at risk for clotting deficiencies.
Why we recommended it:Vet One’s Vitamin K1 is a fast-acting, veterinary-grade supplement designed to support blood clotting function. It’s commonly used in emergency (i.e, rodenticide ingestion) and recovery situations, but it’s also trusted for ongoing care in dogs with chronic liver issues or clotting disorders. The chewable form makes it easy to administer even during stressful situations. This product is a veterinary-recommended staple for managing anticoagulant toxicity. Owners report it’s lifesaving for rodenticide ingestion, with many noting their pets survived poisoning thanks to timely use. These tablets are particularly useful as a follow-up treatment after initial vitamin K1 injections or hospitalization.
How vitamin K works in dogs (mechanism of action):Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) plays a crucial role in activating clotting factors (II, VII, IX, and X) and producing active prothrombin, a protein crucial for blood clotting within the liver. Without it, the blood cannot properly clot, leading to potentially life-threatening bleeding. K1 supplementation is used in dogs to rapidly restore clotting ability, particularly after rodenticide poisoning or in dogs with vitamin K malabsorption. It also supports calcium regulation in bone metabolism and assists with liver detoxification.
The Bottom Line
Choosing the right dog vitamin isn’t just about boosting your pup’s health—it’s about preventing problems before they start. Whether you support their joints, digestion, immune system, or overall vitality, the right supplement can make a noticeable difference in your dog’s daily life. Remember: not all vitamins are created equal. Look for clean ingredients, vet-recommended formulas, and options tailored to your dog’s age, breed, and health goals. Your dog depends on you to make the best decisions for their well-being, and with the right vitamin, you’re one step closer to giving them a longer, happier, healthier life.
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Sources
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